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  5. Statistical Significance
Evaluation & Benchmarksaka significance testing

Statistical Significance

Whether a measured gap between systems is unlikely to be random noise, usually via confidence intervals or a hypothesis test.

Ask Melo about this← all terms

Leaderboard jumps of a point or two on a small test set are often within variance. Reporting mean and interval, or paired tests on the same items, is how you tell a real improvement from a lucky seed. Significance is not the same as practical importance: a tiny, real gain may not be worth the cost.

Related terms

MetricHuman EvaluationError AnalysisCalibrationHumanEvalGSM8K