The Digital Services Act regulates content moderation, advertising transparency, recommender systems, and platform accountability across the EU. Services with at least 45 million average monthly EU users are designated Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) or Very Large Online Search Engines (VLOSEs) and must run annual systemic risk assessments, publish ad repositories, offer a non-profiling feed option, grant vetted researchers data access, and submit to independent audits under direct European Commission supervision, with fines up to 6% of global turnover. In August 2026 ChatGPT became the first AI chatbot designated, as a VLOSE.